The Eating Disorder

There is increased eating disorder on various groups of people and especially the middle aged adolescent group. The eating disorders cause great morbidity and premature mortality risks mostly to young adolescent girls and women. Currently there are no solid proofs for the real causes of the eating disorders.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Eating Disorder – Anorexia Nervosa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current high eating disorder prevalence among young adolescent men and women have triggered a need for the search for modifiable risks factors that will help in explaining the causes of the disorder and how it can be mitigated. Psychologists have associated the eating disorder to some psychological, socio-cultural and biological factors. This eating disorder is referred as Anorexia nervosa. The disorder is characterized by self eating denial commonly accompanied by excess body weight los s. Anorexia nervosa is identified when an individual weighs 15% less than his/her body weight (Klein, Schebendach, Gershkovich, Bodell, Foltin Walsh, 2010). There is no exact known cause of Anorexia nervosa. Nevertheless, researchers have associated the disorder to be a resultant of some environmental conditions, personality traits, emotions and thinking patterns or some biological factors. In summary, the causes of Anorexia nervosa have been categorized into three classes by researchers. The causes are biological, socio-cultural or biological. Researchers attribute overlapping socio-cultural accounts to include the tripartite pressure and dual pathway. Research has shown that a lot of pressure from pears, family and mass media has a tendency to trigger body dissatisfaction and eating disorders directly and also through two mediating mechanisms. These mechanisms involve internalization of unrealistic and ideal societal attractiveness. An example for this is where ultra-thinness is considered as the ideal beauty for women. This entails from the tendency for an individual to frequently compare his/her physical appearance with pears or media ideals.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other mechanism is where one suffers from elevation in negative effect. It has been noted that appearances pressure from the mass media, family or pears has been caused by social sanctioned attractiveness ideals that cause one to be dissatisfied with her/his body. Consequently, body dissatisfaction eventually leads to eating disorders symptoms over time. It is perceived that plumb girls that have internalized ultra-thin ideals for attractiveness for women are vulnerable to later increases in disturbances that will affect their eating habit. Researchers have identified that women often engage in frequent appearance comparisons than men and this makes them suffer from body di ssatisfaction more than their counterparts’ men. This reason explains why there are many women that suffer from eating disorders than men. Weight and body dissatisfaction have been highlighted as the major causes of eating disorders. It is noted that majority of the people that suffer from anorexia disorder are those that suffer from low-self esteem. This is because adolescent girls or boys that suffer from low self esteem will most likely have a tendency to compare their physical appearance with those of their pears or media models and often consider their appearances as being inferior. Most TV models and particularly in western cultures associate ultra-thinness with beauty for women. Therefore those adolescent girls that are plumb and suffer from low self esteem may tend to being dissatisfied with their bodies hence developing eating disorders (Hoeken, Veling, Smink Hoek, 2010).). There are some psychologists that consider those people that suffer from Anorexia nervosa not to have emotions. They regard them not to have emotions because those people that suffer from anorexia nervosa appear at first to be confused and behave as though they are not sure of their emotions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Eating Disorder – Anorexia Nervosa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This condition is referred as alexithymia that denotes a condition of difficulty in recognizing and expressing one’s emotional states. Some researchers have linked the alexithymia condition with fluctuations in mood rather than eating disorders. Nevertheless, researchers have pointed a very close relationship between alexithymia and measures of depression and anxiety. The research also reveals that alexithymia is common for many people that have depression and suffered from the eating disorder. This assumption have raised a lot of concern since many scholars are questioning how people suffe ring from eating disorders can have a problem in identifying other emotions such as anger and fear. This concern has raised a lot of interest on the subject. This dilemma has lead to some researchers linking the cause of Anorexia as a result of a means of escaping painful affects. According to Jackson Chen (2011), there is a model developed by Cooper that postulates positive beliefs about eating. The positive belief of vomiting was determined to help the self to dissociate from the emotional distress that is caused by existence of negative beliefs. However, further distress occurs because of the existence of the negative belief about eating that perceives eating will make one gain weight. This causes a conflict in an individual that result to a cognitive dissonance which makes them belief that their eating disorder is out of their control (Fox, 2009). There are two types of eating disorders which are primarily restriction of food that is considered as an emotional avoider and vomit ing which is taken as a suppresser of the emotion. People suffering from eating disorder are known to suppress anger much more than controls.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is believed that suppression of negative emotions predicts body dissatisfaction. Various researches showed that women who were diagnosed with anorexia norverso recorded higher anger scores and anger suppression scores than controls. Researchers were unable to identify the reason why anger was a difficult emotion, but assumed that the anger was a means of protecting the participants’ relationships. Similarly, researchers also noted higher level of other emotions such as anxiety and fear among those people that suffer from Anorexia norverso. Moreover those people that suffer from eating disorder were noted to be highly disgust sensitive and particularly for their bodies and food (Karatzias, Chouliara, Power, Collins Grierson, 2010).). Anorexia nervosa is mostly considered as a heredity disorder that runs in families. Many researches conducted reveal that many of those patients that suffer from the disorder have relatives who have ever had the disorder. Anorexia nervosa has vital short time and long time physical, psychological and sociological affects. The eating disorder makes bodies of people suffering from Anorexia nervosa struggle to manage insufficient calories and nutrients. Most Anorexia nervosa patients are known to experience constipations, abdominal pains, dry, yellow colored skin, dizziness and disrupted menstrual cycles. When the eating disorder continues over a long period of time, the patient can develop osteoporosis, infertility, heart problems, anemia, and neurological problems among others. Osteoporosis is a condition that makes the density of bones to reduce. This is a very dangerous condition because it can make the victims vulnerable to painful fractures especially in the hip and spine. In addition, it leads to loss of height and continuous disabling pain. People that suffer from Anorexia nervosa for a long period of time deprive their bodies essential nutrients and minerals such as calcium that are responsible for making bones to grow and become strong. The most affected people are adolescents since most eating disorders develops from age 13 through out the teenage period. Eating disorder during this age is very serious since it is the period when the bones of the adolescents are developing and reaching their peak strengths. Therefore, denying the body necessary nutrients through Anorexia nervosa can lead to serious health issues as aforementioned above (Soban, 2010). Eating disorder has been noted to cause disruption in the menstrual cycle. Prolonged Anorexia nervosa may lead to infertility. Infertility occurs in women suffering from anorexia nervosa when their body fats drops drastically, thus inhibiting the production of estrogen hormone that is needed to stimulate ovulation. Most of those women that develop infertility as a result of Anorexia nervosa regain their fertility once they resume eating well and after gaining some weight. Anorexia nervosa is also known to cause heart problems and anemia. The he art develops problems due to wearing out of the fat that protects the heart from injury. Severe anorexia nervosa results to weakening of the heart muscle that in turn weakens the heart. Consequently, the weakening of the heart muscles leads to low blood pressure and pulse which eventually leads to a slower rate of breathing. People who suffer from severe anorexia nervosa can consequently develop nerve damage which will in turn affect the brain. The damaging of the nerves can lead one to suffer from a state of confusion, seizures, numbness and peripheral neuropathy. Some people regain their normal status when they start eating well and after regaining some weight, although in some cases some damages is permanent (Sang, Jaussent, Raingeard Bringer, 2010). People that suffer from Anorexia nervosa are known to possess interpersonal distress. The interpersonal problems are believed to be caused by the physical and psychological problems that are associated with patients that suffer from anorexia nervosa such as low-self esteem, perfectionism and physical impairment. For instance, some people that suffer from anorexia nervosa are noted to demand so much from others. Such situation makes people to pull away from them such that they are left in isolation. Such isolation makes these patients develop hostility towards other people and disaffiliation. Alternatively, the isolation can lead them to develop a desperate need for others and intrusiveness. Both these two situations lead to strained relationships and social functioning impairment (Hartmann, Zeeck Barrett, 2010). Anorexia nervosa is heterogeneous. It affects both men and women. Nevertheless, there is a difference in the way men and women differ in the manner in which they view their body image, dieting and what motivates them to exercise. The image relayed by the mass media about how ideal men should appear is totally different to the message the mass media give about how ideal beautiful women should look like . The media portrays ultra-thinness as the beauty for women, while it portals that men should be masculine in order to be liked by women. One symptom of anorexia nervosa in men is excessive exercise. The effects of anorexia nervosa in men include the loss of approximately 20% of weight which is very dangerous to their health. This is because men possess less fat than women and therefore when they loss weight they loss more of their muscles than fat. Men that suffer from anorexia nervosa have interpersonal problems and most of them opt to live single lives. Most of those that marry may opt not to get children. Severe anorexia in men is also noted to cause infertility in men since it greatly reduces the level of the testosterone. Moreover, anorexia nervosa in men has been associated with lack of sexual identity in men. This can be linked to the reason why majority of those men that are diagnosed with the disorder are mostly homosexual or heterosexual (Lindblad, Lindberg, Hjern, 2006). Reference List Fox, J. (2009). A Qualitative Exploration of the Perception of Emotions in Anorexia  Nervosa: A Basic Emotion and Developmental Perspective. Clinical Psychology  and Psychotherapy,16, 276–302. Hartmann, A., Zeeck, A. Barrett, M. (2010). Interpersonal Problems in Eating  Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43, 619–627. Hoeken D., Veling, W., Smink, F. Hoek, H. (2010).The Incidence of Anorexia  Nervosa in Netherlands Antilles Immigrants in the  Netherlands. Eating Disorders Association, 18, 399–403. Jackson, T. Chen, H. (2011).Risk Factors for Disordered Eating During Early and  Middle Adolescence: Prospective Evidence from Mainland Chinese Boys and  Girls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology  © 2011 American Psychological  Association, 120, 454–464. Karatzias, T., Chouliara, Z., Power, K. Collins, P. Grierson, D. (2010).General  Psychopathology in Anorexia Nervosa: The Role of Psychosocial Factors. Clini cal  Psychology and Psychotherapy, 17, 519–527. Klein, D., Schebendach, J., Gershkovich, M., Bodell, L., Foltin, R. Walsh, T. (2010). Behavioral Assessment of the Reinforcing Effect of Exercise in Women with  Anorexia Nervosa: Further Paradigm Development and Data. International Journal  of Eating Disorders ,7, 611–618. Lindblad, F., Lindberg, L., Hjern, A. (2006).Anorexia Nervosa in Young Men: A Cohort  Study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 662–666. Sang, C., Jaussent, I., Raingeard, I. Bringer, J. (2010). Is Decision Making Really  Impaired in Eating Disorders? Neuropsychology  © 2010 American Psychological  Association 2010, 24, 808–812 Soban, C. (2010).What about the Boys? Addressing Issues of Masculinity within Male  Anorexia Nervosa in a Feminist Therapeutic Environment. The College of New  Jersey. This research paper on The Eating Disorder – Anorexia Nervosa was written and submitted by user Annabell N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Urbanization in Brazil Essay Example

Urbanization in Brazil Essay Example Urbanization in Brazil Paper Urbanization in Brazil Paper Urbanization in Rio de Janeiro Brazil As civilization continues to develop, the rural characteristics of various towns and areas continue to be removed. This removal Is resulting In the Immense growth of cities all across the world. Arbitration Is a process that has previously occurred and continues to take place In nearly every part of the world that humans have inhabited. With a metropolitan population of more than twelve million people in two thousand two, ROI De Jeanine Brazil is the alignments largest metropolitan area in the world, larger than Chicago, Paris and London (Bryn, Retina, 2003: 599). It is a city that appears appealing to many with its alluring climates and, more importantly, its numerous occupational opportunities. Although there are various reasons for the increasing population in the city of ROI De Jeanine, it is clear that Arbitration plays the largest role in the overpopulation that has taken place over the past few decades. There are a plethora of problems that this rapid Arbitration is causing for the city, however, the pull factors drawing people to the city and the push factors pushing those same people away from their rural areas seem to outweigh the risks of migrating to an overcrowded metropolis. There are certainly a variety of factors pulling those living in rural areas of Brazil to migrate to ROI De Jeanine. One of the most obvious is that many see the city as an ultimate land of opportunity. In other words, it will be much easier for people to find work when they live in such a large area with a greater number of opportunities. Overall, those outside of ROI De Jeanine see a vast convenience in simply moving there. A BBC article on Arbitration suggests that access to education, health, social services and cultural events is much more readily available in a city than in a rural setting (2002). Additionally, everything is located so closely in cities which can make motor ventricle use unnecessary Tort many colleens. Something that I Nils Is certainly would draw in populations as running an automobile is a large expense. ROI De Jeanine has efficient mass transportation systems in place because of its large population. Systems such as this are not feasible for rural populations (Arbitration, 2002). Finally, ROI De Jeaneries density of people, wealth and other city resources provide a better opportunity for citizens to receive noteworthy educations. Basically, when enough people are put together in a small area, hey start coming up with ideas to do things cultural, political, commercial and social activities that Just dont occur outside of cities (Arbitration, 2002). Therefore, without the development of cities, universities which attract to those with ambition would have never come about. When reviewing the appealing factors of moving into the city of ROI De Jeanine, it is understandable why the city has become so overpopulated. Although the pull factors do make migrating to ROI De Jeanine sound ideal, there are several issues that rapid Arbitration has caused. The most prominent problem is the newcomers search for housing. Many new migrants to cities in ROI De Jeanine cannot afford housing. Therefore, they are forced to build temporary accommodation in spontaneous settlements. I nose settlements are class Janice nee as Taverns or slums. According to autumn Permian, these settlements usually occur in two main areas of ROI: along the steep hillsides, or along the outer fringes of urban expansion (1999: 24). These settlements are built of scrap materials and often have no water, sanitation or electricity. A Brazilian woman spoke out in an article stating, the urban world is not world of cities, it is a world made of slums (Wooden, 2007: 13). Garbage is either incinerated on the hills or brought down to the street where the city is supposed to haul it away. If incineration occurs, this can easily ignite many of the wooden houses and cause people become sick due to the smoke. Since the city often does not live up to its obligation to haul away the trash, it can build up on street and also become a source for disease (Godlier, 1991: 19). Many consider the velars the source of Iriss urban problems, citing them for crime, violence, promiscuity, family breakdown and the creation of a culture of poverty. The prevailing view is that the velars are Just a transfer of poverty form the entry to the city and are responsible for the negative effects of over-Arbitration (Hall, 1995: 90). Others view the vela as Just another part of the framework of ROI. It is a natural occurrence of the city and is compared to a weed growing in a garden, there will always be weeds. Despite these views, attempts to m to be a great challenge. Earners ten Taverns Ana deal Walt ten son retag AT telltales are proving Unfortunately the vela settlements and conditions that come along with them are not the only negative impacts that Arbitration has had and continues to have on ROI do Jeanine. There are various environmental problems that are occurring which are also due to Arbitration. One of the most obvious differences between an urban and a rural area is the air quality. Due in large part to heavy motor vehicle traffic, and also to energy production, it is often that a large cloud of smog hangs over ROI. This polluted air is, in addition to being quite ugly, a public health problem. Secondly, an academic article links the occurrence of acid rain in Brazil to also be caused by pollutants released by industries and the large fleet of vehicles (Santos et al. , 2007: 87). Subsequently, as ROI becomes more and more urbanize, the water cycle changes dramatically. Generally, cities have more precipitation than surrounding areas, with pollutants and convection currents that cause raindrop formation. Once the water falls, instead of being absorbed by the soil, it is instead channeled into run-off systems, picking up ground along the way. This pollution is added to that brought about by industrial waste and sewage disposal, which is often untreated in ROI De Jeanine. The final environmental problem cause Arbitration is the overall destruction of habitat. To make room for migrants, many trial land sources such as wetlands are paved over which leads to a loss of ecosystems (Interpol, 102: 2004). Therefore, any species dependent on that ecosystem die out in the area. Ultimately, as ROI De Jeanine continues to become more urbanize and populated, the environment continues to suffer. On a more positive note, there are efforts being made in an attempt to prevent the negative impacts that Arbitration has on this beautiful city. The direction those that are helping are heading in can be directly related to Karl Mars theory that correlates overpopulation with capitalism. Governments are focusing mainly on improving the slums and velars of ROI. In other words, they are attempting to reduce poverty, which is precisely the theory that Marx suggests will be the most successful in lowering overpopulated cities. Temporary wooden shacks have been rebuilt using brick rather than scraps, and water and electricity is somewhat more common nowadays in the slums. Furthermore, a 300 million dollar Vela Barrio project has been set up to help improve the living conditions of those struggling in ROI (McCann, 2006: 153). They plan to widen streets and put in pavements to decrease the risk of accidents on the roads Also, water peoples wall De alai as well as saddles Tort electricity as tense are Don crucial, especially water. Plans for safe places for children to play such as football fields are also in the works, as many children often find themselves in danger due to crime and lack of safe places to play. These plans are beginning to look successful, and many are being put into action. However, it will take a great deal of time to change what has already been done. Also, some of these plans will still play a role in the negative impact of Arbitration. For example, paving the streets will story some natural land sources while also leading to greater transportation which irrevocably results in more air pollution. The fact that Arbitration is still happening so quickly makes it tough to take complete control over the issue. It is undeniable that Arbitration in ROI De Jeanine is not going to end any time soon, Just as it will not in various other countries around the globe. The ultimate goal of urban planning appears to be achieving the benefits ROI De Jeanine provides while attempting to limit overwhelming negative consequences that come with those striving to get the benefits. Although educing poverty may help, formulating plans to deal with the growth of ROI De Jeanine rather than letting it grow naturally is the most logical method. It is true that these plans will be challenging but they will also allow for a more adequate structure to support the population. It can be said that planning cities for sustainable growth is one of the major challenges facing humanity at the beginning of the third millennium. Despite the efforts being made to improve the living conditions of those struggling within ROI De Jeanine, Arbitration is a barrier that will take an extensive amount of time to overcome. Reticence Bryn, R. , Lie, J. , Retina, S. (2003). Sociology Your Compass For a New World.

Inspirational Quotes About Uniqueness

Inspirational Quotes About Uniqueness Since childhood, we have heard that each of us is unique. Yet, in the humdrum of life, as we walk along with millions of others on the eternal quest for success, what really makes us stand out? Can you put your finger on your unique feature? Here are some uniqueness quotes. Perhaps these uniqueness quotes will help you in your quest to find your zing. Michael SchenkerI believe that every person has uniqueness something that nobody else has. Robert H. SchullerAs we grow as unique persons, we learn to respect the uniqueness of others. Eric HofferIt is the child in man that is the source of his uniqueness and creativeness, and the playground is the optimal milieu for the unfolding of his capacities and talents. Hilary DuffMom always tells me to celebrate everyones uniqueness. I like the way that sounds. James BroughtonTrusting your individual uniqueness challenges you to lay yourself open. Dr. SeussToday you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You. Henri MatisseIt has bothered me all my life that I do not paint like everybody else. Walt DisneyThe more you like yourself, the less you are like anyone else, which makes you unique. Eileen CaddyA human being is a single being. Unique and unrepeatable. Coco ChanelIn order to be irreplaceable one must always be different. William JamesHe who refuses t o embrace a unique opportunity loses the prize as surely as if he had failed. D.M. DellingerYou are unrepeatable. There is a magic about you that is all your own. Jane GentryDare to be remarkable. John MasonYou were born to be an original. Don’t die a copy. Vicky WallYou are the colors you choose.

Introduction to Communication-Dialectics of Relationship-discussion Personal Statement

Introduction to Communication-Dialectics of Relationship-discussion - Personal Statement Example For the first time in my professional life, senior colleague of mine acknowledged my presence through when my presence was insignificant in the firm. She was able to see potential, skill, passion and zeal in my performance. Her trust and proactive communication boosted my confidence to a larger extent though I was still a naive and introvert person. In the new work environment, I could only associate to her and share my belief and ideas. Yet, her presence made me act in an independent manner without influencing my decisions or actions according to her wish or will. It is significantly, important that the other person in our life give us some space to evolve and grow. I was not able to observe the work place politics, but my coordinator didn’t approve my prospering relationship with the senior person. I was open with her and she had the same desire in my presence, this became a crucial stage for our development as we both were two very different people; yet understood each other too well. The story of her unfortunate personal life was an unknown fact to me for a long time as she didn’t share much of her personal life crises with me, may be due to my young age. Reliability was one factor which I could sense in our relationship, but dependability was out of question due to some unstated and accepted rules. The day I came to know about her immediate and ferocious termination, I was awe struck and objected as much as I could. However, she expected me to protest against violation of law, but not in her support. I was not able to sustain any association or contact with her, since she was asked to leave and meant to finish our contact to save my professional life. We both handled it differently I wanted to sustain my friendship and association with her, but she discontinued to protect me from any professional

Gender and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Development - Essay Example ever, as 60 million girls disappear each year (many from Asian countries) as a result of sexual crimes, and one third of the population of women around the world experience some form of violence. In addition to this 4 million women and girls are trafficked every year, while approximately one million girls enter the sex trade. Before delving further into the issue of violence against women, it is important that a firm definition of what the subject matter is be established. There is actually no universally accepted definition of violence against women. Some advocates of human rights prefer broad definitions that include poverty and unequal access to education and health to describe acts of violence against women. Some however prefer a more narrow definition so that the actual descriptive power of the term is not lost (Kapoor, 2000). According to Dean Kilpatrick, Director of the Medical University of South Carolina’s National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Centre, the debate as to whether to define violence against women broadly or narrowly is â€Å"old, fierce and unlikely to be resolved in the future† (DeKeseredy, 2011). Likewise, debates about terminologies are also prevalent. Whatever the case maybe, the need for a concrete and specific definition is important so that research, monitoring and policy-making can become more specific as well as applicable cross-culturally (Kapoor, 2000). According to the World Health Organization (2011), the United Nations defines violence against women as â€Å"any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. The above definition has recognized that violence against women is one of the most fundamental social mechanisms wherein women are forcibly placed on lower positions as compared with men. In addition it has also

Stereotypes prejudice Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes prejudice Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: ?Race ?Ethnicity ?Religion ?Gender ?Sexual orientation ?Age ?Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Disability People think disability is a sickness People think they are a mence to others and society Disabled people are different and are not fully human. Gender Female role of taking care of the kids Male role of being the breadwinner androgyny, which is the blending of feminine and masculine attributes in the same individual. Age Ageism Senile or Demented Unproductive and uncreative Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? Some aspects of stereotyping can be GOOD, BUT I HAVE YET TO SEE ANY THAT I WOULD CONSIDER GOOD. STEREOTYPING IS A WAY FOR US TO CATERGORIZE A PERSON OR GROUP INTO SOMETHING WE CAN NOT FEEL BAD FOR NOT LIKING. ?What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? Negative aspects of stereotyping play a big Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8 2 ROLE ON A PERSON. STEROTYPING PEOPLE IN A NEGATIVE MANNER HAS A LASTING DETRIMENTAL IMPACT ON THOSE WHO EXPERIENCE THE PREJUDICE. PEOPLE PERFORM POORLY IN SITUATIONS WHERE THEY FEEL THEY ARE BEING STEREOTYPED. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. ?A stereotype is a belief about a certain group of people. Prejudice is a feeling about a person based on their membership in a group. Both stereotypes and prejudice can be either positive or negative. Discrimination is an action that denies the rights of a person due to their membership in a group. ?What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? Prejudice- ignorantly judging based on[stereotypes] pre conceptions. Pre- Judging someone before having the knowledge of who they are. Ex. I have a prejudice towards all teenaged mothers, because I assume they all slept around to get pregnant, because thats what my sister did. ( which doesnt make every ones situation the same. stereotypes- classifying groups of people based on race, gender, religion, creed, ethnicity, etc. Then believing all people who belong to that group are the same Ex: All homeless people arent educated. Iggnorance is what is the realtionship between the two of them. People being ignorant and making assumptions is found in both prejudice and sterotypes. ?What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Here are some examples that I think would help with preventing prejudice. It may not stop it all together, but it would help the situations from being uncomfortable. . Celebrate holidays with extended family. Use such opportunities to encourage storytelling and share personal experiences across generations. Invite friends from backgrounds different from your own to experience the joy of your traditions and customs. Be mindful of your language; avoid stereotypical remarks and challenge those made by others. Speak out against jokes and slurs that target people or groups. Silence sends a message that you are in agreement. It is not enough to refuse to laugh. Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8 3 Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Eminem and Urban Nightmare :: essays research papers

Alex Radovanovic uses some very successful persuasive writing in his article Eminem: an urban nightmare. He represents his views vividly with acute detail of his point of view on the issues. His main contention in the article is that Eminem the more he is ignored will not go away and the issues of violence, racism and sexism will fester in the minds of our youths. Alex’s opinion of Eminem songs and lyrics are as he refers to ‘make me uncomfortable – some of them are downright repulsive†. This use of strong persuasive language portrays to the reader that he thinks Eminem is not someone to be admired and that his lyrics are not peaceful but despicable and unacceptable. Examining the phrase â€Å"downright repulsive†, you really understand the intent of his words to make the reader see through Eminem as just a Rapper to the hate filled mind of a disturbed person. He obviously does not like Eminem or appreciate his music for any purposes. Eminem’s singing as Alex describes as a â€Å"schizophrenic rant† relates to Eminems own confusion with his personality. I think Radovanovic is trying to persuade the reader that Eminems singing is away of portraying his deeper emotions about his upbringing and life. It also elaborates into the use of his offensive swearing and obscene language about the discrimination of homosexuals and women. Analysing the phrase â€Å"A lot of kids are being bombarded by a plethora of conflicting messages†, you come to understand the ingeniousness of the writer’s ability to captivate the reader in imagining kids being swamped with numerous messages. It is a very good piece of persuasive writing because it influences the audience to believe something must be done right away and educate

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) Essay

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS) refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin on software that integrates information from different applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and human resource modules through one database is the most important distinction to the individually and proprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software application both rigid and flexible. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before the client–server architecture evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle large amounts of data transactions. In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. The advent of client–server, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human resource management systems enabled increasingly higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass. According to www.oracle.com using an electronic or computerized Human Resource System has several benefits. First is, Automate Key Processes,leverage workflow and internet-based processes to speed and optimize recruitment, hiring, budgeting, compensation, termination, performance, skills, collective agreements, and more. Perform rules-based HR budget control. Second, Get a Single Source of Truth, to maintain global HR data in a single instance for better availability and accuracy of  information, with a global single repository of employee data. Third is, Manage Total Compensation, to attract and retain with the right combination of salary and benefits. Set limits and warnings. Control budgets by department, position, or role. Deploy absence and termination policies. Fourth is, Locate and Manage Talent Globally, to manage recruitment, hiring, and deployment on a global basis and address local country requirements at the same time. Manage address information, currency, data formats, banking details, and payment methods for any country. Conduct competency profiling and management. Lastly, Integrate Intelligence with HR Management,to integrate intelligence with HR management to align the workforce with corporate objectives. According to www.nefsis.com using cloud-based video conferencing helps human resources staff leverage state-of-the-art communications and online collaboration tools to advance the HR agenda. Now, online training, employee benefit meetings, and job candidate interviews can be conducted in private and group virtual conference rooms anytime, anywhere. Using Video Conferencing has many benefits, to cut travel expenses for job candidate interviews, to shorten the hiring process, especially for distributed businesses, to improve the reach of employee benefit meetings to those that missed in-person sessions and those traveling, working from home, or at remote offices, and lastly to create a better online platform for employee benefits, safety, and regulatory compliance training. 1.1 BACKGROUND Nowadays, there are a lot of manual systems being renovated to computerized one. Just like the Human Resource (HR) departments, many companies have evolved to a new computerized system, and also there are companies that still working on a manual based system. The function of Human Resource (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. Efficient and effective management of â€Å"human capital† progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. Also the Human Resource (HR) department is in-charge of identifying the potential applicants (Applicant Hiring). Being a Human Resource (HR) department, it is humiliating that they do not have a permanent system or database that can store their employee or applicant’s information day by day. Sometimes, many companies encounter different problems related with the employee or applicant’s information. Using Ms Excel or Manual Filing is not advisable for storing or tracking employee or applicant’s data, using those kind of tracking or storing may cause of loss of file, unreliable data, time consuming, heavy manual workload, heavy human work force, and etc. on payroll, time and attendance, performance appraisal, benefits administration, HR information management system, recruiting/learning management, performance record, employee self-service, scheduling, absence management and analytics. The Human Resource (HR) department encourages the proponents to develop a system that will help or solve the existing problems regarding Human Resource (HR) department and also to decrease the human workforce. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1.2 .1 What is the profile of the respondents in terms of? 1.2.1.1 Educational attainment 1.2.1.2 Position 1.2.1.3 Years of service 1.2.2 What is the existing system in terms of? 1.2.2.1 Processing of documents 1.2.2.2 Transmittal of information 1.2.2.3 Tracking of records 1.2.2.4 Evaluation criteria 1.2.2.5 Generation of reports 1.2.3 How effective the existing system in terms of? 1.2.3.1 Speed 1.2.3.2 Accuracy 1.2.3.3 Manageability 1.2.3.4 Functionality 1.2.3.5 Portability 1.2.4 Is there a significance difference of the perception of the respondents in terms of? 1.2.4.1 Information of system 1.2.4.2 Processing of documents 1.2.4.3 Transmittal of information 1.2.4.4 Tracking of records 1.2.4.5 Evaluation criteria 1.2.4.6 Generation of reports 1.2.5 What are the problems encountered of the existing system in terms of? 1.2.5.1 Processing of documents 1.2.5.2 Transmittal of information 1.2.5.3 Tracking of records 1.2.6 What is the system to be developed? 1.3 SYSTEM OBJECTIVES 1.3.1 General Objectives To enhance the ability of the human resource management to leverage and absorb new and emerging opportunities and challenges in the business horizons. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives To understand that the employees are also individual and have their own set of needs. To understand and define the overall objectives and goals of the organization, its mission as well as vision. To ensure proper availability of latest tools and methods for training the employees as required for their respective competencies. To select best workforce from the labor market by using the recruitment options like internal job portals, job websites, advertisements, employment agencies etc. To assign the right job to the right employee if the proper utilization of the talent is needed. 1.4 SIGINIFIANCE OF THE STUDY This research is considered important to provide insight into the various Human Resource Management practices needed to perform BPO sector in Philippines. This study intends to investigate the role of Human Resource Management associated with firm performance, namely profitability, growth and employee management. Also this research intends to scrutinize whether  business strategy and environmental uncertainty moderate the relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Video Teleconferencing. Lastly, this study destines to further the previous research in HRM practices using the contingency approach. Relevant to the issues above, this study contemplates to generate a new framework for further research pertaining to Human Resource Management practices – Video Teleconferencing relationships. 1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS Employees Information Employee Personal Information Service History Dependants and Emergency Contacts Attendance Warnings/Grievances Company Property Employment Equity Pay and Benefits Pay History including bonuses and deductions Group Benefits Vacation and Leave Banking and Loans Training and Development Performance Reviews Education and Courses Skills Profile Awards and Recognition Health and Safety Incidents and Accidents Medical records Disability Applicant Hiring Initial Interview Versant Online Test Video Teleconferencing (final interview) Reports and Document Library Pre-designed Letters and Forms Over 50 Standard Reports Document Management Confidential document storage Mitigate your risk, have all your documentation ready Reminders Automated Reminders and Alerts View View Employee Summary View Pay History View Work History Security Group and User security Password protected Block out certain information areas by user LIMITATION The system will not focus in calculating the whole payroll but it will only do some parts or portions of it. The Video Teleconferencing will only have a capacity of 4 persons per conference. System will only be limited to two users: Admin and HR Managers 1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS Human Resources- s the set of individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy. â€Å"Human capital† is sometimes used synonymously with human resources, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view (i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and can contribute to an organization). Likewise, other terms sometimes used include â€Å"manpower†, â€Å"talent†, â€Å"labor†, or simply â€Å"people†. Human Resource Management – is the management of an organization’s workforce, or human  resources. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws. Teleconferencing – Job interviews by teleconference involve setting up a conference telephone call amongst the members of the selection committee and the job applicant who can hear but not see each other. This may be appropriate where the applicant and the selection committee are in geographically remote locations, video conferencing facilities are unavailable and the applicant is agreeable to the use of teleconferencing. Video Conferencing – Video conferencing is a combination of audio and video transmissions which allows people to communicate by way of an audio visual link (AVL). Each site or endpoint is equipped with screens, microphones and cameras which allowspeople in two or more locations to see and hear each other as if participating in a face-to-face conversation. Security – Control of access to a computer system’s resources, specially its data and operating system files. Versant – are computerized tests of spoken language available from Pearson PLC. Versant tests were the first fully automated tests of spoken language to use advanced speech processing technology (including speech recognition) to assess the spoken language skills of non-native speakers. Survey – is to gather information by individual samples so as to learn about the whole thing. Multiplexing – is a method by which multiple analogue message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. CHAPTER 2.0 PROJECT FRAMEWORK 2.1 Theoretical Framework Enhancing meaningful learning by integrating technology into instructional design is central to this project. The most influential theory associated with this process is the IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE): HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM proposed by A.S.SyedNavaz, A.S.SyedFiaz, C.Prabhadevi, V.Sangeetha, S.Gopalakrishnan (Jan 2013). It is based on the theory that it merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. 2.2 Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework is built on four theoretical perspectives and prior research in conceptual model of HRMS. It is based on, but different from, existing and international HRMS models. Competitive advantage and performance are commonly noted as the ultimate needs of the organization; this study focuses on the creation of the most requisite resources to realize these targets. 2.3 Project Paradigm This area explains the directions that the proponents should follow to accomplish the goals of the system, this will be a fine guide that will lead us to the aptness of the system. 2.4 Review of Related Literature This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. It contains a review of books and studies on the subject matter conducted here and abroad and their relation to the present research. The researcher looked for a number of related foreign and local literatures that will help us in developing our proposed project. 2.4.1 Local Studies and Literature Human Resource Management (HRM) has shifted its function within organizations over the last few years. Its function has grown considerably and has shifted into a more strategic role rather than providing support for administrative paperwork. There has been a shift too, in terminology, with the term Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) becoming more common. Since the rapid development of technology, software developers are continuously creating new and sophisticated softwares that can help companies execute  day-by-day HR administrative tasks as well as enabling them to perform fast and effective recruitment process, performance management, compensation & benefit, etc. OPUS Management (April, 2010). Human Resource Information System: Enabling your Human Resources Information System to Support HR strategic roles, volume 13, pages 101-116. This 21st century, companies are committed to provide world-class products and services to meet customer requirements and satisfaction. This can be attached if companies could attract, employ and retain world-class people. Today, HR (Human Resource) departments continue to ensure that highly qualified employees / workers get the right job assignments, trainings, learning opportunities and maintain competency assessments to prepare them for a clear career path. There are even international trainings and seminars offered / given to employees as well as virtual transfer-of-technology from foreign expatriates to ensure efficiency and productivity. With the recent trends of companies vying for accreditation and certification from the ISO body, the HR’s active participate in the education of its employees/workers rests on its move to ensure that the company’s Quality Policy is a commitment of everyone in the organization so that they may strictly implement it through effective communication, review and improvement. Magsino, B.V. (August, 2010). Human Resource Management (HRM): Gaining a Competitive Advantage, pages 19-22. There are many purposes of Human Resource Information System in our environment, first is, HRIS helps us to manage all of the employees information, second, it conducts reporting and analysis of employees information, third, it contains company-related documents such as employee handbook, emergency evacuation procedures, and safety guidelines, fourth, it benefits administration including enrollment status changes, and personal information updating, fifth, it has a complete integration with payroll and other company financial software and accounting systems, lastly, it is also responsible for applicant tracking and resume management. By automating Human Resource practices, HRIS saves time and money, effectively reallocates work processes and thus provides competitive advantage and add strategic value to the organization. Pelones, M. (July 14, 2013). Human Resource Information System.Retrieved August 29, 2013, from http://www.slideshare.net/Pilmathe2001/module2-human-resource-information-system-24215973?from_search=23. HRM refers to the policies, practices and systems that influence employees’ behavior, attitudes and performance. Many Companies refer to HRM as â€Å"involving practices†. The strategy underlying these practices needs to be considered to minimize its influence on company performance. HRM practices include analyzing and designing work, determining human resource needs (HR Planning); attracting potential and qualified employees (Recruiting); choosing employees (Selection); teaching employees/workers how to perform their jobs and preparing them for future (Training & Development), rewarding employees (Compensation); evaluation their performance (Performance Management); and creating a positive work environment (Employee Relations). HRM Practices are strategic. Effective HRM has been found to enhance performance company performance by contributing to employees and customers’ satisfaction, innovation, productivity and development of a favorable reputation in the business community. The potential role of HRM on company performance has only recently recognized. Gayno, H.C. (2010). Processing a Turnaround, â€Å"Human Resource Management†, p.11. The Human Resources of the Philippines Aside from natural resources is one of the basis of economic development. Its people is the most important resource of any country. It is important to understand how people utilize and develop natural resources based on their character, diligence, and creativity. In fact, humans serve as the â€Å"driver† of the world since the direction of it depends on them. Julian (July 23, 2009). Human Resources of the Philippines. Retrieved September 06, 2013 from, http://www.slideshare.net/juilian/human-resources-of-the-philippines 2.4.2 Foreign Studies and Literature The complexities of the European environment differentiate much of Europe from the United States and also from much of East Asia. Moreover, there are apparent cross-national differences with respect to the impact of SHRM approaches on firm performance. Much of the empirical research demonstrating a positive connection between SHRM and firm performance has taken place in the United States (Wright & Boswell, 2002). Studies conducted in a variety of Asian countries also have shown HPWSs exerting a positive effect on firm performance (e.g., Bae& Lawler, 2000; Bae et al., 2003; Bjà ¶rkman& Fan, 2002;  Lee & Miller, 1999; Morishima, 1998). In contrast, research is less supportive of the effective transference of American-style SHRM approaches to European countries (Doeringer, Lorenz, &Terkla, 2003; Harzing&Sorge, 2003; Rodrà ­guez & Ventura, 2003). There are many factors that might explain why these techniques are not so effective in Europe, including political and cultural constraints, stronger unions, the regulatory environment, extensive use of works councils, and general resistance on the part of European management. Whatever the case, the apparently more limited efficacy of SHRM approaches in Europe provides one explanation as to why SHRM approaches seem less likely to be adopted there. Chen, S.J., Lawler, J., Bae, J. (2011). CONVERGENCE IN HUMAN RESOURCE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF LOCALLY OWNED AND MNC SUBSIDIARIES IN TAIWAN, page 238. To develop a software application that supports the application specific to the HR automation in an intranet specific to a company there by allowing the integration of all the employees pertaining to that organization. To keep track of all the other departments related to that organization such as marketing, development etc. To allow the HR of an organization to update the employee details when ever there is a change in the employee profile pertaining to that organization. The HR center is a powerful application designed to allow companiesto streamline their human resource tasks and manager their employees more efficiently, Employee and Company Information Employee Time, Attendence, and Leave Request HR Documentation Management (i.e. insurance forms, W-2’s etc.) The HR Center includes a comprehensive employee informationdatabase, work information, beneficiary information, and more for each employee. It comes standard with employee self-service access allowing employees to update their personal information, request time off or input their daily timesheet entries. It also has role –based access level control that is functionally based on whether a user is an employee, a manager, or an HR admistrators.  With HR center managers and HR admistrators can manage a track. Srikanth, T. (2012).Human Resource Management System. Retrieved August 29, 2013, from http://www.slideshare.net/chetanmbhimewal/3263270-humanresourcemanagementsystemshrms?from_search=8 The paper titled â€Å"HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM† is basically concerned withmanaging the Administrator of HUMAN RESOURCE Department in a company. A Human ResourceManagement System (HRMS), refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. The main objective of this paper is to reduce the effort of Administrator to keep the daily events such as attendance, projects, works, appointments, etc.This paper deals with the process of identifying the employees, recording their attendance hourly and calculating their effective payable hours or days. This paper should maintain the records of each and every employee and their time spend in to company, which can be used for performance appraisal. Based on that transfer, removal, promotion can be done. A.S.SyedNavaz, A.S.SyedFiaz, C.Prabhadevi, V.Sangeetha, S.Gopalakrishnan (Jan 2013). IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE): HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, volume 8, Issue 4, pages 62-77. For some years interviews for promotional custodial positions have been primarily conducted by video conferencing in order to reduce travel and recruitment time and costs. It is anticipated that more interviews for noncustodial jobs will be conducted by video conferencing as part of an ongoing CSNSW strategy to streamline recruitment activities and to have an outcome more quickly. In the main entry-level Correctional Officer and Probation and Parole Officer interviews, arising from campaign advertising, are conducted face-to-face. Based on the above considerations, the selection committee has the flexibility to utilise teleconferencing, video conferencing and face-to-face  interviews. Human Resources Division will confer with the selection committee convenor about the mode of interview. (November 2012). Human Resource: Job Interviews – Video conferencing and Teleconferencing –Policy and Guidelines, pages 1-4. (Electronic Data Processing) at the primary level, an organization may be interested in automating processing of routine information. It is an exercise of automating routine paperwork at the operational level. (Management Information System) in this phase focus is shifted from EDP level to MIS level with more inquiry and report generation flexibility. This is intended for middle level manager to control the operation, matching budget or projection. (Decision Support System) facilitates decisions at the higher level in the organization. At this stage HRIS is more interactive and capable of developing decision model on many strategic issues. It is important to mention that all these types of HRIS are equally important for an organization. Without EDP, i.e, the basic data storage of employees information and payrolls, MIS can not be developed. Because at MIS stage, middle level managers, duly retrieving information, try to enforce control at the operational level. Similarly, without EDP and MIS, DSS can not develop decision models, examining decision alternatives, as at the corporate level, inputs from EDP and MIS reinforce DSS with enhanced interactivity. Ojha, P.K (April 19, 2013). Human Resource Information System. Retrieved September 05, 2013, from http://www.slideshare.net/PranavKumarOjha/human-resource-information-system-19158875?from_search=10

Reign of God Essay

I have read chapter three in Reign of God in its entirety. In chapter 3, it described about God’s character and the basis of God’s kingdom. Everyone knows that the father of Jesus Christ is God. And God has relation to Jesus identifies him as God to us. So if we want to know God, we need to go to Jesus first. To summarize what is the most important statement in the Bible is â€Å" God is love. † Love is the first and the last word in the biblical portrait of God. Some people may think that love is the most difficult things to learn in our entire life. But God had already told us what love is though the bible. Love is the essence of God’s nature. Love is what it means to be God. To the english word â€Å"love† ,it covers an enormous range of meaning. We use love to describe our attitude toward everything from our favourite food, people that important to us and also things that we treasure. Nowadays, we use love and we say it with no any condition. But is there anyone can able to be uncondition to love others? Maybe yes, but I can sure about that, there are only a few amount of human in the world. However, God can. He love the world that he gave his one and only son to us. This is how God showed his love amoung us: He sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him. This is love: not that we loved God, but that he oved us and sent his Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins† (1 John 4:9-10). God’s love is very powerful and tenacious. It is powerful enough to let him forgive our sins. People often wonder how the same being can be at once a compassionate, forgiving parent and a stern judge og evildoers. Since God’s love is unconditional, so he can accept our sins and give a second chance to amend ourselves.

The Role of Bobby Kennedy throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis essays

The Role of Bobby Kennedy throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis essays On the morning of Tuesday October 16, 1962, President John F. Kennedy was reading the Tuesday morning newspapers in his bed at the Whitehouse. Not twenty fours hours before, McGeorge Bundy, Kennedys national security adviser, received the results of Major Richard S. Heysers U-2 mission over San Cristobal Cuba. In light of recent mysterious Soviet and Cuban activities developing in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, the presidents administration had given the order to conduct reconnaissance missions over the island of Cuba. In particular a fifty-mile trapezoidal swath of territory in western Cuba was to be looked upon under intense scrutiny. A CIA agent reported in the second week of September that this stretch of land was being guarded closely by Peruvian, Colombian, and actual Soviet soldiers. There was a real reason to be suspicious of the activity in western Cuba. The first of this U-2 reconnaissance mission would reveal a shocking discovery.(Chang The U-2 reconnaissance reports that Bundy received in full detail two 70-foot-long MRBMs at San Cristobal. The news that Bundy would eventually have to expose to President Kennedy would sound alarms not just in his administration or in the United States of America, but throughout the entire world. Bundy did not tell the president that night. He opted to allow him a good nights rest, the last he would have for some time, as it turned out. Bundy felt there was nothing the president could do about the missiles that night anyway, and he would need to be sharp the next morning.(Brugioni p.68) Besides Bundy and the leadership of the U.S. intelligence community, Dean Rusk and his team at State, as well as McNamara and the deputy secretary of defense, Roswell Gilpatric, received word of the U-2s discovery before going to bed on October 15. Kennedys discovery of the missiles could wait till the next morning.(May & Zelikow p.2...

Make Mind Maps that Stick with Labels

Make Mind Maps that Stick with Labels Adhesive address or shipping labels come in a variety of shapes and sizes, which makes them ideal for a variety of activities in the classroom.   One way to use labels to encourage critical thinking in the classroom is to have students use labels printed with ideas or topics from a unit of study in order to create mind-maps or diagrams that visually organize information on a topic. The mind-map is an interdisciplinary strategy where a student or group of students build(s) off a single concept or idea: a drama, an element in chemistry, a biography, a vocabulary word, a event in history, a commercial product. The concept or idea is placed in the center of a blank sheet of paper and   representations of other ideas are connected to that central concept are added, branching out in all directions on the page. Teachers can use mind-maps as a review exercise, a formative assessment, or interim assessment tool, by providing students individually or in groups with printed labels and asking students to organize the information in a way that shows relationships. Along with the topics or ideas provided on the labels, teachers can provide a few blanks and ask students to come up their own labels associated with the central idea to add to the mind map. Teachers can vary the exercise according to the the size of the paper that allow a few students (poster size) or a large group of students (wall size) to work collaboratively on the mind-map. In preparing the labels, teachers select words, phrases or symbols from a unit of study that are critical to developing student understanding.    Some interdisciplinary examples: Concepts or ideas on labels for Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet (English Language Arts): Romeo, Juliet, Mercutio, Paris, Nurse, Friar Lawrence, a letter, a ring, Apothecary, Rosaline, â€Å"my only love sprung from my only hate†, â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity.†Concepts or ideas on labels for a biography on Robert E. Lee (Social Studies): Washington College, West Point Military Academy,Mary Custis, Mexican War, Confederacy, President Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Traveller, Harper’s Ferry, Appomattox, the Army of Northern Virginia, Battle of Gettysburg.Concepts or ideas on labels for labels for iron (Chemistry): metal, atomic number, Earths outer and inner core, oxidation states, transitional metal, boiling point, melting point, isotopes, chemical compound(s), industry. Labels can be created in word processing software such as Word, Pages, and Google Docs and printed on products from manufacturers such as Avery or office supply stores. There are hundreds of templates for different sized labels ranging from full sheets 8.5† X 11†, large shipping labels 4.25 x 2.75, medium size labels 2.83 x 2.2, and small address labels 1.5 x 1. For those teachers who cannot afford the labels, there are templates that allow them to create their own without adhesive by using label templates made available by World Label, Co. Another alternative is to use the table feature in a word processing program. Why use labels? Why not have the students simply copy the ideas or concepts from a list onto the blank page? In this strategy providing pre-printed labels assures that all students will have the labels as common elements on each mind-map. There is value in having students compare and contrast the completed mind maps. A gallery walk that allows students to share the final product clearly illustrates the choices each student or groups of students made in organizing their identical labels. For teachers and students alike, this label strategy in creating mind-maps  visually demonstrates the multiple different points of view and learning styles in any class.

The Power of Unions in the U.S. Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Power of Unions in the U.S. Today - Essay Example Both the organizations play a significant role promoting legislation and policies favorable to workers in US and Canada. When federal and state laws are applicable to public sector unions, National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) regulates private sector unions. While analyzing the labor history of the United States, it is clear that labor unions have played an inevitable role in improving the wages and working conditions of labors. Today labor unions have some political powers and influences to force the government to form and amend labor laws to enhance the welfare of US workers. As Greenhouse points out, union workers earned median weekly income of $943 in 2012 whereas this income was only $742 in case of nonunion workers. According to a federal government evaluation on the pay scale in the country (as reported in Schultz and Schultz), it was identified that members of labor unions earn up to 33% more income than nonunion members. In addition, employees in a labor union enjoy more job security, high quality work environment, and other benefits than their nonunion counterparts (271-272). Although labor unions have been assisting employees to enjoy better wages, working conditions, and other benefits for decades, studies and reports indicate that the power of unions in the US is declining. While analyzing the statistical data on the union membership, it seems that today American unions have only a fraction of the influence they had a few decades ago. To illustrate, as Leves reports in CNN, nearly 20% workers were union members in 1983 and currently it has been dropped to 12%. This decline has been worse in the private sector where union membership fell from 17% in 1983 to only 7% today. The annual summary of the unionization in the United States published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics also comes up with the similar claims. According to this report (as cited in Warner), the union membership of wage and salary